Madagascar

Madagascar grapples with systemic corruption, a weak rule of law and porous borders with an abundance of natural resources, which has in turn given rise to various organised criminal networks dealing in illicit trade. The ongoing COVID crisis has only exacerbated environmental crime. While substantial research has been done on rosewood and tortoise trafficking, an understanding of the illicit gold sector is required. Trafficking routes for wildlife and precious stones or cannabis seems to be same, but it is yet to be determined if there are overlaps in crime networks.

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